Assessing the Effectiveness of Eco-Friendly Management Approaches for Controlling Wheat Yellow Rust and Their Impact on Antioxidant Enzymes

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive disease that causes significant yield losses in wheat production worldwide, including Egypt. The use of biocontrol agents among the best eco-friendly management strategies to control this disease, as they are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional chemical methods. In comparative analysis, antioxidant enzyme activity various approaches were compared with two bacterial agents, Bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas putida. This study showed remarkable efficacy endophytic bacteria, B. P. putida, mitigating rust infection across three varieties, namely Misr1, Gimmeiza11, Sids12. exhibited superior performance resulting types 1 2.66, respectively, following inoculation. highest reduction rate was observed Tilit fungicide (500 ppm), followed Salicylic acid (1000 respectively. Variations varieties’ response Pst observed, Misr1 exhibiting lowest Sids12 showing high susceptibility. Among tested inducers, demonstrated greatest infection, Indole acetic acid, while Oxalic decrease. Additionally, evaluated activities five enzymes, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), (POX), wheat-stripe interaction under different integrated approaches. variety treated subtilis, Montoro putida increase all enzymatic activities. These findings provide valuable insights into effectiveness for Egypt, emphasizing their potential role sustainable, integrated, practices.